IDENTIDAD CULTURAL EN INTERNET: LA DIFUSIÓN DEL INSTITUTO CERVANTES Y SUS HOMÓLOGOS EUROPEOS

Andrés Antolino Ibáñez y Celia Chaín Navarro
Universidad de Murcia

Web science: a new frontier presentations

Web science: a new frontier presentations
Organised by Professor Nigel Shadbolt, Professor Dame Wendy Hall, Professor James Hendler and Professor Bill Dutton
Video recordings of presentations from 27 and 28 September 2010

Introduction
Professor Nigel Shadbolt, University of Southampton, Web Science Trust

The structure of the Web
Professor Albert-László Barabási, Northeastern University and Harvard Medical School

Networks and webs in ecosystems and financial systems
Lord May of Oxford, OM AC FRS, University of Oxford

The mathematics of Web science: structure, dynamics and incentives
Dr Jennifer Chayes, Microsoft Research

Understanding social and information networks
Professor Jon Kleinberg, Cornell University

Programming the social computer: using computational logic to specify webs of interaction
Professor Dave Robertson, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh

Towards a decentralised and personalised Web
Dr Anne- Marie Kermarrec, INRIA

Enhancing communication and creativity with structured data on the Web
Professor David Karger, MIT

The nature of collective intelligence
Professor Pierre Lévy, University of Ottawa

Social networks in the internet: what social research knows about it
Professor Manuel Castells FBA, University of Southern California

New models of government via the Web
Professor Helen Margetts, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford

Augmented intelligence: the Web and human computation
Professor Luis von Ahn, Carnegie Mellon University

The EventWeb: towards experiential computing
Professor Ramesh Jain, University of California, Irvine
Launch the player to watch The EventWeb: towards experiential computing

Developing Web Science to understand and enable 21st century multidimensional networks
Professor Noshir Contractor, Northwestern University and Web Science Trust

Will the Web break?
Professor Jonathan Zittrain, Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University

Future hopes for the Web
Sir Timothy Berners-Lee OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, Web Science Trust

Gender Differences in Computer-Mediated Communication: Bringing Familiar Baggage to the new frontier, by Susan Herring

Gender Differences in Computer-Mediated Communication: Bringing Familiar Baggage to the new frontier, by Susan Herring

How computers change the way we think, by Sherry Turkle

How computers change the way we think, by Sherry Turkle, 2004

Doing Internet Research. Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net

Doing Internet Research. Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, Edited by Steve Jones, 1999.

William Gibson, in an interview with Dan Josefsson (1995)

William Gibson, in an interview with Dan Josefsson (1995)

The Internet Audience; Constitution and Measurement

The Internet Audience; Constitution and Measurement (2007), by Fernando Bermejo.

Mapping Online Advertising: From Anxiety to Method (Fernando Bermejo)

A Faceted Classification Scheme for Computer-Mediated Discourse, by Susan C. Herring

A Faceted Classification Scheme for Computer-Mediated Discourse, by Susan C. Herring

"The approach to the classification of computer-mediated discourse proposed in this article is based on multiple categories or “facets”. These categories cut across the boundaries of socio-technical modes, and combine to allow for the identification of a more nuanced set of computer-mediated discourse types, while avoiding the imprecision associated with the concept of genre. Since the classification scheme does not rely on pre-existing modes, it can also be applied to discourse mediated by emergent and experimental CMC systems. The scheme is intended primarily as a faceted lens through which to view CMD data in order to facilitate linguistic analysis, especially research conducted in the discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics traditions. [3] It is intended to complement genre or mode-based analyses, which can provide a convenient shorthand for categorizing CMD types, but are less precise and flexible"


"Discourse analysts have traditionally classified discourse into types according to various criteria. These include modality, number of discourse participants, text type or discourse type, and genre or register (table 1). While the definitions and boundaries of these distinctions have been much debated, they can be understood as being in a generally non-exclusive and hierarchical relationship to one another (e.g., casual chat is a type of conversation, typically a dialogue and typically produced via speech). As noted above, however, genre can be analyzed on multiple levels of generality, and thus all of the types in table 1 have also been characterized as “genres”. [5] Further, Biber (1988) has challenged the validity of the spoken/written language distinction, proposing that discourse types be situated instead along multiple continua".

"Faceted classification is an approach to the organization of information with origins in the field of library and information science. First systematized as a science by Ranganathan (1933) to classify books in libraries, it was later developed by the U.K. Research on Classification Group (Vickery 1960) for the organization of document collections in scientific fields, where it proved effective in the storage and retrieval of compound and complex subjects. More recently, faceted classification has been implemented to assist automated search and retrieval of information (Prieto-Diaz 1991), including on the Web (Broughton & Lane 2000), and has been extended to other fields and knowledge domains (e.g., art and architecture; Tudhope et al. 2002"


"Facets are categories or concepts of the same inherent type. A faceted scheme has several facets and each facet may have several terms, or possible values, e.g., a faceted classification scheme for wine might include the facets (and terms) “grape varietal” (riesling, cabernet sauvignon, etc.), “region” (Napa Valley, Rhine, Bordeaux, etc.), and “year” (2001, 2002, etc.). Ranganathan (1933) described the faceted classification method as analytico-synthetic: A subject domain is first analyzed into component facets, and relevant facets are then synthesized into combinations to characterize items of interest. Thus many facets may be applied to the description of wine, but only a subset of them – such as varietal and region – may be relevant to classifying wines for the purpose of marketing them to casual consumers. The flexibility of faceted classification lies in its ability to describe a large number of items within the subject domain, including novel items, on the basis of a relatively economical, pre-defined set of facets and terms. The facets need not be ordered, nor be of the same type, although they should be clearly defined and mutually exclusive".

"The classification approach to CMD presented here is organized at the highest level by the assumption that computer-mediated discourse is subject to two basic types of influence: medium (technological) and situation (social). These are presented in an unordered, non-hierarchical relationship, on the further assumption that one cannot be assigned theoretical precedence over the other for CMD as a whole; rather, the relative strength of social and technical influences must be discovered for different contexts of CMD through empirical analysis.

"Under each influence type, a number of categories (facets) are posited, along with several possible realizations (terms) for each. The categories were arrived at in an inductive manner on the basis of empirical evidence from the CMD research literature in answer to the question: What factors condition variation in computer-mediated language use? The proposed scheme is a preliminary attempt to aggregate and classify this body of knowledge".

Web Content Analysis: Expanding the Paradigm

Web Content Analysis: Expanding the Paradigm, by Susan C. Herring

The Concept of e-Service from a Social Interaction Perspective Göran Hultgren and Owen Eriksson

The Concept of e-Service from a Social Interaction Perspective, by Göran Hultgren and Owen Eriksson

"Today we can see the convergence of computers, telephones and
media with the Internet, and how IS is developed to support e.g. transport and travel
activities and the everyday lives of people. The focus on the use of IS in offices and
factories is, due to this convergence, replaced by the need to focus on the use of IS in society and in the market (ibid.). According to Dahlbom (ibid.) service thinking is
focused upon individuals, actions, results and support. This implies a shift of context
from the use of IS in order to improve the efficiency of routines and work processes
of the organisation, to a focus on customers acting in a market using occasional
services to be bought, used and consumed in a flexible way"

"An area which could be helpful in order to discuss the concept of e-service is
Service Marketing Theory (SMT). According to this theory a service is produced and
delivered in the interaction (i.e. in the service encounter) between a service provider and a customer (e.g. Gönroos, 1998) in order to fulfil customer needs. Fundamental for services according to SMT is that they are produced and delivered in a social interaction between the customer and the service provider. In the Social Sciences discipline social interaction is defined as “the process that takes place when people act in relation to each other” (Johnsson, 1995)."


When the use of IS is discussed as SST the customer-to-service provider relationship is discussed as a Göran Hultgren and Owen Eriksson Proceedings of ALOIS*2005, Limerick, Ireland, 15–16 March 2005 5 person-to-technology relationship. Gutek and Welsh (2000) for example, regard the relationship between the service provider and the customer as a pseudo-relation. The meaning of a pseudo-relation is that there is no need for face-to-face interaction between the service provider and the customer, which implies that they primarily describe the relationship as a technical one. We claim that if we want to understand, and design, e-services it is important that we realise that the relationship is social to its character" (page 5)


2.3 The Notion of IS according to the IS Actability Theory (ISAT)
One reason for choosing ISAT in discussing the concept of e-service is that the use of IS in ISAT is considered as situated social interaction. In Ågerfalk (2003) ISAT is presented based on the idea that IS is action systems used in a social action context, which include actors, relationships, norms, values and beliefs, and the existence of social and material facts. The social context is what makes the actions performed at the user interface meaningful and is a basis for understanding the use of IS as a whole (Ågerfalk and Eriksson, 2003).

The definition of ISAT is (Ågerfalk, 2003):
“An information system’s ability to perform actions and to permit, promote and
facilitate users to perform their actions both through the system and based on
messages from the system, in some business context”.

From the discussion of SMT above we could see that in order to understand the
concept of e-service it is important to understand how IS can be used in a social interaction context" (5)

Theories of the Information Society, by Frank Wester, 2002

Theories of the Information Society, by Frank Wester, 2002

Quality and Quantity

"Reviewing these varying gedinitions of the information society, what becomes clear is that they are either or both underveloped or imprecise. Whether its is a technological, ecobomic, occupational, spatial or cultural conception, we are left with highly problematic notions of what constitutes, and how to distinguish, an information society.

It is important that we remain aware of these difficulties thought as a heuristic device, the term information society has some value in exploring features of the contemporary world, it is too inexact to be acceptable as a definitive term. For this reason, throughout this book, though I shall on ocassion use the concept and acknowledge that information plays a critical role in the present age, I shall express suspicion as regards information society scenarios and remain sceptical of the view that information has become the major distinguishing feature of our times.

For the moment, however, I want to raise some further difficulties with the language of the information society. The first problem concerns the quantitative versus qualitative measures to wich I have already alluded. My earlier concern was chiefly that quaantitative approaches failed to distinguish more strategically significant information activity from that which was routine and low-level and that this homogenisation was misleading. Here I want to re-raise the quality/ quantity issue in so far as it bears upon the question of whether the information society marks a break with previous sorts of society" (page 21)

"One ought not to imagine that theoretical knowledge´s primacy is limited to leading-edge innovations. Indeed, it is hard to think of any technological applications in whic theory is not a prequisite of development. For instance, road repair, house construction, sewage disposal or motor car manofracture are each premised on known theoretical principles of material durability, structural laws, toxins, energy consuption and much more" (27)

From web to workplace. Designing Open Hypermedia Systems, by Kay Gronbaek and Randall H. Trigg, 1999

From web to workplace. Designing Open Hypermedia Systems, by Kay Gronbaek and Randall H. Trigg, 1999

Three fundamental elements of visual rhetoric in hypertext, by Paul Kahn, Ronnie Peters and George P. Landow

Three fundamental elements of visual rhetoric in hypertex, by Paul Kahn, Ronnie Peters, and George P. Landow.

What Is The Internet (And What Makes It Work) - December, 1999 By Robert E. Kahn and Vinton G. Cerf

What Is The Internet (And What Makes It Work) - December, 1999, By Robert E. Kahn and Vinton G. Cerf

"The authors feel strongly that efforts should be made at top policy levels to define the Internet. It is tempting to view it merely as a collection of networks and computers. However, as indicated earlier, the authors designed the Internet as an architecture that provided for both communications capabilities and information services. Governments are passing legislation pertaining to the Internet without ever specifying to what the law applies and to what it does not apply. In U.S. telecommunications law, distinctions are made between cable, satellite broadcast and common carrier services. These and many other distinctions all blur in the backdrop of the Internet. Should broadcast stations be viewed as Internet Service Providers when their programming is made available in the Internet environment? Is use of cellular telephones considered part of the Internet and if so under what conditions? This area is badly in need of clarification"

Learning Agency Network Virtual Office

present/actual

types of relation with web content

A (re)Slice of Life Online, Part Five: Creating Objects in Second Life, by Howard Rheingold

Knownet: Knowledge as a product/ Knowledge as a Process, by Know-Net.org