Sunday, December 25, 2011
Open software for graphic design
Blender
Scribus
The Best Free Software for your Digital Art Needs. By Jeremy (2009)
11 Free And Useful Open-Source Alternatives For Designers. By AN Jay on February 18, 2009
Best Open Source Software for Web Designers and Developers, by LARS on MARCH 15, 2010
70 Awesome Open Source Tools for Graphic Designers
Scribus
The Best Free Software for your Digital Art Needs. By Jeremy (2009)
11 Free And Useful Open-Source Alternatives For Designers. By AN Jay on February 18, 2009
Best Open Source Software for Web Designers and Developers, by LARS on MARCH 15, 2010
70 Awesome Open Source Tools for Graphic Designers
Labels:
graphic design,
open source,
software
Friday, December 23, 2011
The bats are in the belfry
the dew is on the moor
where are the arms that held me
and pledged her love before
and pledged her love before
Chorus
It's such a sad old feeling
the fields are soft and green
it's memories that I'm stelaing
but you're innocent when you dream
when you dream
you're innocent when you dream
running through the graveyard
we laughed my friends and I
we swore we'd be together
until the day we died
until the day we died
Repeat Chorus
I made a golden promise
that we would never part
I gave my love a locket
and then I broke her heart
and then I broke her heart
Repeat Choru
Monday, December 19, 2011
Inkscape. editor de gráficos vectoriales de código abierto
Inkscape for Adobe Illustrator users (wikiInkscape)
website de Inkscape
Curso práctico de Inkscape: Logo a logo. 2ª Edición. Reescrita y ampliada. (Joaquín Herrera)
Inkscape coverage. Presentation outlines, papers, abstracts, articles and books about Inkscape. For user and developer communities, see International and Local Communities.
Taller de Inkscape
View more presentations from Universidad Europea de Madrid
Pp laboratori d'aplicacions grafiques
View more presentations from paulita_589
Iniciación a Inkscape
View more presentations from Ayoub Hijazi
Inkscape
View more presentations from Anas Emad
Inkscape
View more presentations from David Martin
Labels:
graphic design,
inkscape,
open source software
Saturday, December 17, 2011
2012 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Jun 22 - 27, 2012
Montreal, Canada. In collaboration with the John Molson School of Business,
Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Montreal, Canada. In collaboration with the John Molson School of Business,
Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Sunday, December 11, 2011
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Sunday, November 20, 2011
Sunday, November 13, 2011
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Friday, October 14, 2011
Thursday, October 13, 2011
Thursday, October 6, 2011
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Every Teardrop Is A Waterfall
I TURN THE MUSIC UP, I GOT MY RECORDS ON
I SHUT THE WORLD OUTSIDE UNTIL THE LIGHTS COME ON
MAYBE THE STREETS ALIGHT, MAYBE THE TREES ARE GONE
I FEEL MY HEART START BEATING TO MY FAVOURITE SONG
AND ALL THE KIDS THEY DANCE, ALL THE KIDS ALL NIGHT
UNTIL MONDAY MORNING FEELS ANOTHER LIFE
I TURN THE MUSIC UP
I’M ON A ROLL THIS TIME
AND HEAVEN IS IN SIGHT
I TURN THE MUSIC UP, I GOT MY RECORDS ON
FROM UNDERNEATH THE RUBBLE SING A REBEL SONG
DON’T WANT TO SEE ANOTHER GENERATION DROP
I’D RATHER BE A COMMA THAN A FULL STOP
MAYBE I’M IN THE BLACK, MAYBE I’M ON MY KNEES
MAYBE I’M IN THE GAP BETWEEN THE TWO TRAPEZES
BUT MY HEART IS BEATING AND MY PULSES START
CATHEDRALS IN MY HEART
AND WE SAW OH THIS LIGHT I SWEAR YOU, EMERGE BLINKING INTO
TO TELL ME IT’S ALRIGHT
AS WE SOAR WALLS, EVERY SIREN IS A SYMPHONY
AND EVERY TEAR’S A WATERFALL
IS A WATERFALL, OH!
IS A WATERFALL, OH! OH! OH!
IS A WATERFALL
EVERY TEAR IS A WATERFALL
OH OH OH!
SO YOU CAN HURT, HURT ME BAD
BUT STILL I’LL RAISE THE FLAG
OH, IT WAS A WA-WA-WA-WA-WA-ATERFALL
A WA-WA-WA-WA-WA-ATERFALL
EVERY TEAR
EVERY TEAR
EVERY TEARDROP IS A WATERFALL
EVERY TEAR
EVERY TEAR
EVERY TEARDROP IS A WATERFAL
Saturday, September 17, 2011
SL Languages 2011
Among all the interesting presentations, there is the one that will be performed by Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar) and titled.
Educational tools for learning Japanese in SL. Date September, 17. Time: 5am SL | 12pm GMT
Educational tools for learning Japanese in SL. Date September, 17. Time: 5am SL | 12pm GMT
Labels:
language,
tools,
virtual worlds
Monday, September 12, 2011
Thursday, September 8, 2011
Sunday, September 4, 2011
Saturday, September 3, 2011
Publish or Perish
Publish or Perish
"Publish or Perish is a software program that retrieves and analyzes academic citations. It uses Google Scholar to obtain the raw citations, then analyzes these and presents the following statistics:
Total number of papers
Total number of citations
Average number of citations per paper
Average number of citations per author
Average number of papers per author
Average number of citations per year
Hirsch's h-index and related parameters
Egghe's g-index
The contemporary h-index
The age-weighted citation rate
Two variations of individual h-indices
An analysis of the number of authors per paper"
"Publish or Perish is a software program that retrieves and analyzes academic citations. It uses Google Scholar to obtain the raw citations, then analyzes these and presents the following statistics:
Total number of papers
Total number of citations
Average number of citations per paper
Average number of citations per author
Average number of papers per author
Average number of citations per year
Hirsch's h-index and related parameters
Egghe's g-index
The contemporary h-index
The age-weighted citation rate
Two variations of individual h-indices
An analysis of the number of authors per paper"
Friday, September 2, 2011
Piet Hut's work about uses of Virtual Worlds
Exploring the Use of Virtual Worlds as a Scientific
Research Platform: The Meta-Institute for
Computational Astrophysics (MICA)
S. G. Djorgovski,P. Hut, S. McMillan, E. Vesperini, R. Knop, W. Farr, and M. J. Graham
Publication List of Piet Hut
Research Platform: The Meta-Institute for
Computational Astrophysics (MICA)
S. G. Djorgovski,P. Hut, S. McMillan, E. Vesperini, R. Knop, W. Farr, and M. J. Graham
Publication List of Piet Hut
Labels:
research applications,
virtual worlds
Thursday, September 1, 2011
Monday, August 22, 2011
Peter Holme's word stemmer My cool tool for preparing chunks of text for quantitative text analysis.
Peter Holme's word stemmer
My cool tool for preparing chunks of text for quantitative text analysis.
My cool tool for preparing chunks of text for quantitative text analysis.
some words in english, spanish, japanese, by Akemi Mochizuki
dance/bailar:「踊る」
drink/beber:「飲む」
erase/borrar:「消す、消去する」
kiss/besar:「キスする」
lower/bajar:「下がる、降りる」
sweep/barrer:「掃除する、一掃する」
take a bath/bañar:「入浴させる、ぬらす」 ※bañarse 「入浴する」
Akemi has many tools designed to learn languages, into the Virtual World Second Life. Visit her marvellous place on the Virtual World.
drink/beber:「飲む」
erase/borrar:「消す、消去する」
kiss/besar:「キスする」
lower/bajar:「下がる、降りる」
sweep/barrer:「掃除する、一掃する」
take a bath/bañar:「入浴させる、ぬらす」 ※bañarse 「入浴する」
Akemi has many tools designed to learn languages, into the Virtual World Second Life. Visit her marvellous place on the Virtual World.
Saturday, August 20, 2011
Two Views of Communication: Transmission & Ritual
Two Views of Communication: Transmission & Ritual
From James W. Carey, Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
From James W. Carey, Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.
IS ‘EMPOWERMENT’ THE ANSWER? Current Theory and Research on Development Communication Robert A. White
IS ‘EMPOWERMENT’ THE ANSWER?
Current Theory and Research on Development Communication
Robert A. White.
GAZETTE: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMMUNICATION STUDIES
COPYRIGHT © 2004 SAGE PUBLICATIONS
LONDON, THOUSAND OAKS & NEW DELHI 0016-5492 VOL 66(1): 7–24
Current Theory and Research on Development Communication
Robert A. White.
GAZETTE: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMMUNICATION STUDIES
COPYRIGHT © 2004 SAGE PUBLICATIONS
LONDON, THOUSAND OAKS & NEW DELHI 0016-5492 VOL 66(1): 7–24
Thursday, August 18, 2011
Sunday, August 14, 2011
Journal of Virtual Studies. VOL 2, NO 1 (2011): 2011 VWBPE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Journal of Virtual Studies. VOL 2, NO 1 (2011): 2011 VWBPE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
The Virtual Worlds Best Practices in Education Conference is an annual conference which is managed by Rockcliffe University Consortium in trust for the virtual world community. This year's organizers were Kevin Feenan, Kae Novak, and Chris Luch.
The Virtual Worlds Best Practices in Education Conference is an annual conference which is managed by Rockcliffe University Consortium in trust for the virtual world community. This year's organizers were Kevin Feenan, Kae Novak, and Chris Luch.
Tuesday, August 9, 2011
The Logic of Collective Action
The Logic of Collective Action
Special Interests and Economic Policy
From Mike Moffatt, former About.com Guide
Special Interests and Economic Policy
From Mike Moffatt, former About.com Guide
A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication By W. Lance Bennett and Shanto Iyengar
A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication
By W. Lance Bennett and Shanto Iyengar.Journal of Communication. 2008
By W. Lance Bennett and Shanto Iyengar.Journal of Communication. 2008
George Akerlof
George Akerlof
wikipedia
website (Berkeley University)
The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
George A. Akerlof
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, No. 3. (Aug., 1970), pp. 488-500
wikipedia
website (Berkeley University)
The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
George A. Akerlof
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, No. 3. (Aug., 1970), pp. 488-500
Steven S. Wildman
Why New Media Services are Different
Steven S. Wildman
Quello Center for Telecommunication Management and Law
Michigan State University
Trade Liberalization and Policy for Media Industries: A Theoretical Examination of Media Flows
Steven S. Wildman (Northwestern University)Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 20, No 3 (1995)
Steven S. Wildman
Quello Center for Telecommunication Management and Law
Michigan State University
Trade Liberalization and Policy for Media Industries: A Theoretical Examination of Media Flows
Steven S. Wildman (Northwestern University)Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 20, No 3 (1995)
to hiragana Japanese box, by Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar)
to hiragana Japanese box, created by Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar) is a device which allow avatars to translate the vogals to hiragana. By using this tool, people can take advantage of the virtual world for learning the hiragana symbols in a funny and innovative way. You can find this tool at the shop which Akemi Mochizuki has in Second Life and where you can find a lot of interesting devices for being applied at Virtual Worlds.
Labels:
language resources,
virtual worlds
The development of social network analysis. A study in the sociology of science. By Linton C. Freeman
The development of social network analysis. A study in the sociology of science.
By Linton C. Freeman.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2004111710. Publisher: BookSurge, LLC
North Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 1-59457-714-5
By Linton C. Freeman.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2004111710. Publisher: BookSurge, LLC
North Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 1-59457-714-5
Sunday, August 7, 2011
Thursday, July 28, 2011
OpenSimulator: School Quick Start Guid. By David W. Deeds
OpenSimulat. School Quick Start Guide. First Edition: June 2011.
IT Manager/Teacher. Changchun American International School. Creative Commons BY-NC
IT Manager/Teacher. Changchun American International School. Creative Commons BY-NC
Tuesday, July 5, 2011
Sunday, June 26, 2011
LISREL
LISREL: A General Computer Program for Estimating a Linear Structural Equation System Involving Multiple Indicators of Unmeasured Variables, by Joreskog, Karl G.; van Thillo, Marielle
LISREL (wikipedia)
LISREL (wikipedia)
KIM CHRISTIAN SCHRØDER
Beyond the Pioneer Days!. Where is Reception Research Going?
Cross-Fertilization of Paradigms: A Synthesizing Approach to Qualitative Audience Research, by KIM CHRISTIAN SCHRØDER
Vers une convergence de traditions antagonistes ? Le cas de la recherche sur le public, by Kim Christian Schröder
Cross-Fertilization of Paradigms: A Synthesizing Approach to Qualitative Audience Research, by KIM CHRISTIAN SCHRØDER
Vers une convergence de traditions antagonistes ? Le cas de la recherche sur le public, by Kim Christian Schröder
Thursday, June 23, 2011
Monday, June 20, 2011
Collecting conversations: three approaches to obtaining user-to-user communications data from virtual environments, by Mika Lehdonvirta, Vili Lehdonvirta, Akira Baba. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Volume 3, Number 3: The Researcher's Toolbox, Part II
Virtual Assisted Self Interviewing (VASI): An Expansion of Survey Data Collection Methods to Virtual Worlds by Means of VDCI, by Mark W. Bell, Edward Castronova, Gert G. Wagn.Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Volume 3, Number 3: The Researcher's Toolbox, Part II
Methodology of a Novel Virtual Phenomenology Interview Technique
Ronald M. Knorr, Stephen C. Bronack, Deborah M. Switzer, Lienne F. Medford. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Volume 3, Number 3: The Researcher's Toolbox, Part II
Virtual Assisted Self Interviewing (VASI): An Expansion of Survey Data Collection Methods to Virtual Worlds by Means of VDCI, by Mark W. Bell, Edward Castronova, Gert G. Wagn.Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Volume 3, Number 3: The Researcher's Toolbox, Part II
Methodology of a Novel Virtual Phenomenology Interview Technique
Ronald M. Knorr, Stephen C. Bronack, Deborah M. Switzer, Lienne F. Medford. Journal of Virtual Worlds Research. Volume 3, Number 3: The Researcher's Toolbox, Part II
Friday, June 17, 2011
Thursday, June 16, 2011
James E. Grunig
James E.Grunig (University of Maryland's website)
Guidelines for Measuring Relationships in Public Relations, by Dr. Linda Childers Hon
University of Florida and Dr. James E. Grunig, University of Maryland
Paradigms of global public relations in an age of digitalisation, by James E. Grunig
Guidelines for Measuring Relationships in Public Relations, by Dr. Linda Childers Hon
University of Florida and Dr. James E. Grunig, University of Maryland
Paradigms of global public relations in an age of digitalisation, by James E. Grunig
David Emili Durkheim (April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917
Social Facts-Agency/ Structure (Durkheim), by Martha Gimenez.
The Rules of Sociological Method (1895)[Excerpt from Robert Alun Jones. Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1986. Pp. 60-81.]
The Rules of Sociological Method (1895)[Excerpt from Robert Alun Jones. Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1986. Pp. 60-81.]
Wednesday, June 15, 2011
Perspectives of Marital Interaction, edited by Patricia Noller and Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, 1998.
Perspectives of Marital Interaction, edited by Patricia Noller and Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, 1998.
Monday, June 13, 2011
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Friday, June 10, 2011
Thursday, June 9, 2011
james Dermot Halloran (1927-2007)
Infoamérica
HALLORAN, James D.: "The Context of mass communication research". UENSCO. International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, 78, 1978.
HALLORAN, James D.: "Social science, communication research and the Third World". Media Development, 1998/2, Social science, communication research and the Third World.
HALLORAN, James D.: "The Context of mass communication research". UENSCO. International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, 78, 1978.
HALLORAN, James D.: "Social science, communication research and the Third World". Media Development, 1998/2, Social science, communication research and the Third World.
Ithiel de Sola Pool (October 26, 1917–March 11, 1984)
wikipedia
profile at Mit
The Intellectual Legacy of Ithiel de Sola Pool, by Lloyd S. Etheredge
The flow of Communications into the home, by W. Russell Neuman and Ithiel de Sola Pool
profile at Mit
The Intellectual Legacy of Ithiel de Sola Pool, by Lloyd S. Etheredge
The flow of Communications into the home, by W. Russell Neuman and Ithiel de Sola Pool
Herbert Irving Schiller (November 5, 1919 - January 29, 2000)
Herbert Irving Schiller(wikipedia)
THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY: PAVING OVER THE PUBLIC. Interview with Herbert Schiller
From the March, 1994 issue of *Z Magazine*
THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY: PAVING OVER THE PUBLIC. Interview with Herbert Schiller
From the March, 1994 issue of *Z Magazine*
Labels:
critical,
economy,
interviews
Brand New World? Globalization, Cyberspace and the Politics of
Convergence (Key Note Address), by Vicent Mosco
TEACHING TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, CRITICALLY, by Vincent Mosco
Convergence (Key Note Address), by Vicent Mosco
TEACHING TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, CRITICALLY, by Vincent Mosco
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
by Lien Volbragt
* creatief = I am creative
* familie = I love to be with my family (parents, sister, brother, grandparents ...)
* giraf = I like a giraffe very much
* goudvis = I have lost my goldfish
* KHLim = This is the name of our school, where I had my education.
* kunstzinnig = I'm artistic
* Lien = my name
* mimimi = the sound that a giraffe makes 'to me' since I was a kid
* plezier = fun
* pukkelpop = festival in Belgium & I go to it each year but this year it 's sold out. (And I have no ticket )
* Stijn = my boyfriend
* tekenen = I like drawing
* vlinderfobie = I'm afraid of every butterfly I see
* zee = I love to go to the sea in the vacation
Code-Switching
Code-Switching, by Roberto R. Heredia and Jeffrey M. Brown
Texas A & M International University
CROSS-CULTURAL CODE-SWITCHING: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF
ADAPTING BEHAVIOR IN FOREIGN CULTURAL INTERACTIONS, by ANDREW MOLINSKY
Texas A & M International University
CROSS-CULTURAL CODE-SWITCHING: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF
ADAPTING BEHAVIOR IN FOREIGN CULTURAL INTERACTIONS, by ANDREW MOLINSKY
Monday, June 6, 2011
Content and Sense. By Lidia Sánchez and Manuel Campos. Empedocles Journal for the Philosophy of Communication. Volume 1 Number 1. Intellect Ltd.
Labels:
content,
philosophy of communication
Saturday, June 4, 2011
Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917-1992)
Algirdas Julien Greimas (wikipedia)
A Grammar of Narrativity:Algirdas Julien Greimas, by Wanda Rulewicz
Narrativity, by H. Porter Abbott. Narrativity- the living handbook of narratology.Hamburg: Hamburg University Press.
A Grammar of Narrativity:Algirdas Julien Greimas, by Wanda Rulewicz
Narrativity, by H. Porter Abbott. Narrativity- the living handbook of narratology.Hamburg: Hamburg University Press.
Friday, June 3, 2011
ressources en ligne pour apprendre le français
Litterature audio com Notre biblothèque de livres audio gratuits
RFI. Radio France International, apprendre, enseigner la langue Françase
audio lingua
About.com French Language
Most Common French Words - Top 100 French Words. By Laura K. Lawless , About.com Guide
Lafrancebis site created by Christophe BERGUE, French teacher at Kobe University of Foreign Studies (Japan)
Bonjourdefrance
RFI. Radio France International, apprendre, enseigner la langue Françase
audio lingua
About.com French Language
Most Common French Words - Top 100 French Words. By Laura K. Lawless , About.com Guide
Lafrancebis site created by Christophe BERGUE, French teacher at Kobe University of Foreign Studies (Japan)
Bonjourdefrance
Monday, May 30, 2011
Closing Plenary by Noam Chomski at ICA Virtual Conference
The title of the closing plenary was "Democracy, the Media, and the Responsibility of Scholars." The Chair of the conference was Larry Gross, U of Southern California, USA
Rationality/Science, by Noam Chomsky. Z Papers Special Issue, 1995
Noam Chomski (wikipedia)
On Language and Culture. Noam Chomsky interviewed by Wiktor Osiatynski
In Wiktor Osiatynski (ed.), Contrasts: Soviet and American Thinkers Discuss the Future (MacMillan, 1984), pp. 95-101
Interview to Professor Chomski(made via Skype by Laureano Ralon and Alex Eljatib on December 17th, 2010)
Labels:
events,
language,
political communication
Sunday, May 29, 2011
The International Communication Association's Virtual Conference (Session III)
Virtual Conference Session III
Sunday 15:00-16:15 Harbor Ballroom I
Chair: Larry Gross, U of Southern California, USA
Great virtual Conference experience where, appart from having the opportunity of listening to the presenters, an interesting dialogue brilliantly conducted by Larry Gross was held, and we shared about different issues such as the uses of mobiles for taking pictures (which then are published online)and their possibles consequences, or about how the politicians image are built.
This Virtual Conference uses a device of Adobe which allows to see and to listen on live to the speakers, apart from asking them by chat. In this regard, the role of the moderator is very important. He communicated the questions and comments of the virtual participants to the presenters, facilitating the interaction and making possible that virtual participants felt as if we were present at the event.
Saturday, May 28, 2011
Jacques Derrida (July 15, 1930 – October 9, 2004)
Deconstruction. Stanford Presidential Lectures in the Sciences and Arts
Deconstruction. New World Encyclopedia
Definition of Deconstruction by Elif Ayiter
Deconstruction is a term which is used to denote the application of post-modern theory, to a "text". A deconstruction is meant to undermine the frame of reference and assumptions that underpin the text. Jacques Derrida, who coined the term, argued that the existence of deconstruction implied that there was no intrinsic essence to a text, merely the contrast of difference. This is analogous to the scientific idea that only the variations are real, that there is no established norm to a genetic population, or the idea that the difference in perception between black and white is the context. A deconstruction is created when the "deeper" substance of text opposes the text's more "superficial" form. According to Derrida, one consequence of deconstruction is that the text may be defined so broadly as to encompass not just written words, but the entire spectrum of symbols and phenomena within Western thought. To Derrida, a result of deconstruction is that no Western philosopher has been able to escape successfully from this large web of text and reach that which is "signified", which they imagined to exist "just beyond" the text.
The more common use of the term is the more general process of pointing to contradictions between the intent and surface of a work, and the assumptions about it. A work then "deconstructs" assumptions when it places them in context. For example, someone who can pass as the opposite sex is said to "deconstruct" gender roles, because there is a conflict between the superficial appearance, and the reality of the person's gender.
More about Deconstruction. Source: Derrida and Deconstruction
"We can understand how deconstruction operates if we examine Jacques Derrida’s reading of Levi-Strauss, which is exemplary. A much-republished essay from 1968, called “Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences,” has contributed to a widespread understanding of Derrida as a key “poststructuralist” thinker. Derrida’s writing has certainly contributed to the critical revision of structuralism that has occurred over the years, but his own work is more wide ranging than the term “poststructuralism” suggests.
In The Savage Mind Levi-Strauss had made the following statement: “Science as a whole is based on the distinction between the contingent and the necessary, this being also what distinguishes event and structure” (21). Derrida begins “Structure, Sign and Play” with the following observation: “Perhaps something has occurred in the history of the concept of structure that could be called an “event,” if this loaded word did not entail a meaning which it is precisely the function of structural--or structuralist--thought to reduce or suspect” (278).
So Derrida begins by drawing attention to the popularity of structuralism (in the 1960s) as an event in the history of the concept of structure. But the meaning of the word event is something that structuralism would need to contain as an element within a structure or at least exhaustively determined by a structure. In the same way that science must contain all contingencies (chances, accidents and secondary causes) within the thought of what is necessary, all events should be contained as parts of a comprehensive structure.
The reference is to the structuralist model that contrasts La Langue (the system or structure) to parole (the event of speech or the utterance). So strictly speaking, and according to Levi-Strauss, the concept “event” is opposed to the concept “structure.” Once again the model is a version of empirical/ transcendental difference.
The logic is as follows: The event of structuralism is a “rupture” in so far as the break between classical thinking in the human sciences and structuralism is like an overturning of old ways of thinking by new ones. But the concept of structure is itself a classical concept and its meaning belongs to ordinary ways of speaking. Furthermore its meaning is something like “that which determines and makes possible all events.” The concepts “event” and “structure” must have been determined by the field that structuralism sets out to explore and explain, that is, structure (rather than event)"
Friday, May 27, 2011
Actors and Links in the Media System: Applying a Network Perspective to the Study of Media Production, Content and Audience, by Katherine Ognyanova
Astract:
"This work looks into the network mechanisms which underlie the three major parts of the media system: the industry, the content and the audience. It identifies key theoretical frameworks that can be used to explain the formation and dissolution of ties in each of those three areas. The paper outlines a relational interpretation of classic media studies theories and advocates for the use of a network approach to their application in research.
The first three sections of the paper discuss the network structures behind media production, content and consumption. Section one looks into interorganizational ties (industry level), section two deals with semantic relations (content level), while the third section surveys social bonds (audience level). The last part of this study lists five framework packages (or combined approaches) which allow for a comprehensive relational analysis at all three levels of the media system"
Presentation recorded
After reading this work,I find five framework packages really interesting but I do not understand well why the object of study is appproached as a system neither why people are approached as audience.
"This work looks into the network mechanisms which underlie the three major parts of the media system: the industry, the content and the audience. It identifies key theoretical frameworks that can be used to explain the formation and dissolution of ties in each of those three areas. The paper outlines a relational interpretation of classic media studies theories and advocates for the use of a network approach to their application in research.
The first three sections of the paper discuss the network structures behind media production, content and consumption. Section one looks into interorganizational ties (industry level), section two deals with semantic relations (content level), while the third section surveys social bonds (audience level). The last part of this study lists five framework packages (or combined approaches) which allow for a comprehensive relational analysis at all three levels of the media system"
Presentation recorded
After reading this work,I find five framework packages really interesting but I do not understand well why the object of study is appproached as a system neither why people are approached as audience.
Internet Experience and Time Displacement of Traditional News Media Use: An Application of the Theory of the Niche, by Louisa Ha & Ling Fang
Interesting text that, in a way, forecast the future of television (understood as the machine which is just for seeing the contents which are streammed by channels on it) and printed newspapers.
After reading the full text, one question comes to my mind. Is just that the users tend to remplace televison with Internet or is also that the concept of “information” is changing? and, therefore is now understood more as an adjective, instead of as a noum.
After reading the full text, one question comes to my mind. Is just that the users tend to remplace televison with Internet or is also that the concept of “information” is changing? and, therefore is now understood more as an adjective, instead of as a noum.
Niche paper ica.2011
View more presentations from louisaha
Labels:
events,
theory of the niche,
uses and gratifications
The Online Author’s Survival Guide
The Online Author’s Survival Guide, by Kivmars Bowling
Senior Managing Editor, Compass Journals, Wiley-Blackwell.
Very clear and useful text. I like very much with the proposal about sharing the links to the text published by using environments as Second Life. This procedure seems specially adequate when the topics covered by our texts are related to virtual environments.I did not know that Wiley-Blackwell has a place at this Virtual World.This allows you to be teleported to there.
Senior Managing Editor, Compass Journals, Wiley-Blackwell.
Very clear and useful text. I like very much with the proposal about sharing the links to the text published by using environments as Second Life. This procedure seems specially adequate when the topics covered by our texts are related to virtual environments.I did not know that Wiley-Blackwell has a place at this Virtual World.This allows you to be teleported to there.
Labels:
events,
journals,
virtual environments
Monday, May 23, 2011
Saturday, May 21, 2011
talking about a revolution
Don't you know you're talking about a revolution. It sounds like a whisper
Don't you know they're talking about a revolution. It sounds like a whisper
While they're standing in the welfare lines. Crying at the doorsteps of those armies of salvation
Wasting time in unemployment lines. Sitting around waiting for a promotion
Don't you know you're talking about a revolution. It sounds like a whisper
Poor people are gonna rise up. And get their share. Poor people are gonna rise up
And take what's theirs
Don't you know you better run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run
Oh I said you better run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run
Finally the tables are starting to turn. Talking about a revolution
Finally the tables are starting to turn. Talking about a revolution oh no. Talking about a revolution oh no
While they're standing in the welfare lines. Crying at the doorsteps of those armies of salvation
Wasting time in unemployment lines. Sitting around waiting for a promotion
Don't you know you're talking about a revolution. It sounds like a whisper
And finally the tables are starting to turn. Talking about a revolution
Finally the tables are starting to turn. Talking about a revolution oh no.
Talking about a revolution oh no. Talking about a revolution oh no
Friday, May 20, 2011
Popular Inicitative (Spanish Constitution)
In the assambly which is being done at Madrid, people are encouraged to mantain theirselves on the Squares after the elections day, in order to get the signatures needed for asking for a change of the electoral law.
En el artículo 87.3 de la Constitución se contempla la posibilidad -regulada por la Ley Orgánica 3/1984-1 de que los ciudadanos hagan propuestas respaldadas por un mínimo de 500.000 firmas, propuestas denominadas por ley ILPs (Iniciativas Legislativas Populares). Sin embargo, estas iniciativas, tienen una serie de limitaciones:
No pueden reformar ley Orgánica alguna, ni regular materia propia de ley Orgánica, lo que excluye el Código Penal, los Estatutos de Autonomía, la Ley Electoral, la del Defensor del Pueblo, la del Tribunal Constitucional, la de Educación, la del Derecho de Reunión, la de Libertad Sindical, la de Libertad Religiosa, la de Partidos Políticos, etc
No pueden reformar ley tributaria alguna, lo que excluye la Ley General Tributaria, la Ley Reguladora de las Haciendas Locales, la Ley sobre el IRPF, la Ley del IVA, etc
No pueden reformar ley alguna de carácter internacional.
Partiendo de dichas iniciativas no puede elaborarse ley alguna referente a la prerrogativa de gracia, el indulto, que según el artículo 62.i de la Constitución corresponde al Rey, con arreglo a la Ley.
No pueden reformar ni el Consejo Económico y Social, ni los parámetros de redistribución de la riqueza, ni la armonización entre regiones, ni la planificación de la actividad económica; tampoco pueden proponerse los Presupuestos Generales del Estado ni enmiendas a éstos.
Además, según el artículo 166 de la Constitución, sólo puede reformarse la Constitución por los apartados 1 y 2 del artículo 87, por lo que la ILP queda excluida como vehículo para la reforma constitucional.
A lo largo del periodo democrático español iniciado en 1978, tan sólo nueve ILP han pasado el filtro de la Mesa del Congreso, mientras que únicamente una Iniciativa Legislativa Popular ha sido aprobada por el Pleno, relativa a la modificación de la Ley de Propiedad Horizontal.
También cabe la posibilidad de presentar iniciativas legislativas en los diferentes parlamentos autonómicos. En este caso, los diversos Estatutos de autonomía recogerán las condiciones exigidas para ello. Los posibles plebiscitos para su aprobación habrán de ser autorizados por el Gobierno Central.
source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniciativa_legislativa_popular
En el artículo 87.3 de la Constitución se contempla la posibilidad -regulada por la Ley Orgánica 3/1984-1 de que los ciudadanos hagan propuestas respaldadas por un mínimo de 500.000 firmas, propuestas denominadas por ley ILPs (Iniciativas Legislativas Populares). Sin embargo, estas iniciativas, tienen una serie de limitaciones:
No pueden reformar ley Orgánica alguna, ni regular materia propia de ley Orgánica, lo que excluye el Código Penal, los Estatutos de Autonomía, la Ley Electoral, la del Defensor del Pueblo, la del Tribunal Constitucional, la de Educación, la del Derecho de Reunión, la de Libertad Sindical, la de Libertad Religiosa, la de Partidos Políticos, etc
No pueden reformar ley tributaria alguna, lo que excluye la Ley General Tributaria, la Ley Reguladora de las Haciendas Locales, la Ley sobre el IRPF, la Ley del IVA, etc
No pueden reformar ley alguna de carácter internacional.
Partiendo de dichas iniciativas no puede elaborarse ley alguna referente a la prerrogativa de gracia, el indulto, que según el artículo 62.i de la Constitución corresponde al Rey, con arreglo a la Ley.
No pueden reformar ni el Consejo Económico y Social, ni los parámetros de redistribución de la riqueza, ni la armonización entre regiones, ni la planificación de la actividad económica; tampoco pueden proponerse los Presupuestos Generales del Estado ni enmiendas a éstos.
Además, según el artículo 166 de la Constitución, sólo puede reformarse la Constitución por los apartados 1 y 2 del artículo 87, por lo que la ILP queda excluida como vehículo para la reforma constitucional.
A lo largo del periodo democrático español iniciado en 1978, tan sólo nueve ILP han pasado el filtro de la Mesa del Congreso, mientras que únicamente una Iniciativa Legislativa Popular ha sido aprobada por el Pleno, relativa a la modificación de la Ley de Propiedad Horizontal.
También cabe la posibilidad de presentar iniciativas legislativas en los diferentes parlamentos autonómicos. En este caso, los diversos Estatutos de autonomía recogerán las condiciones exigidas para ello. Los posibles plebiscitos para su aprobación habrán de ser autorizados por el Gobierno Central.
source: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniciativa_legislativa_popular
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Internet: Promoter of political activity by the citizens.
No doubt Internet is more than a media because allow us to communicate but also to communicate between us. Therefore, integrates the functions of diferent devices as television, telephone and mail but furthering their possibilities and capacities.
As happens with a product, which is not just a product, but also a type of behaviour practice,interest, Internet is not just technology, is also the culture which is emebeded into it, and into its different developments and by using them, all can have a voice, all can be in touch and build projects and initiatives born collectively.
Social media, network sites, individuals who create their own blogs, twitters, facebooks, linkediln. Individuals can now talk more freely and, the most important, they can join their effort to achieve a common purpose. The type of political participation performed by users in the virtual sphere emerges by endorsing the meaning which Aristotles gave to politic, understanding it as dialogue, a way for saying which is unfair and which is fair and has utterance by the performance of several actions that users are enabled to achieve as being informed, communicating, associating with others, demanding transparency, identifying the responsible of certain actions with more ease, reducing bureaucracy or communicating by anonymity
Knowing all that is happening now at Spain, I remember with a sense of hapiness a text I wrote, with enthusiam, in 2006 for participating at the IV Congress of Cibersociety. This text aimed to present Internet as a great motivator for the development of political communication done by citizens.
On it I identified seven of the features which makes Internet a very adequate device for motivating the participation of citizens at politic debate. This text encouraged a great online debat with participants about the participation of the society at political sphere, by using the Internet. Razon y Palabra published also the text in its 54 number.
Internet: Impulsor de la Actividad Política por parte de la Ciudadanía,Internet: Promoter of political activity by the citizens. Seven Actions that qualifies it. Razón y Palabra, 54, ISSN: 1605-4806. Razón y Palabra, 54. and it is cited in the following works:
La esfera pública en la blogosfera política ecuatoriana, by Consuelo Albornoz y María Belén Albornoz. Flasco, ecuador, 2010
Cambios en los modos de representación política (Universidad Javeriana)
All issues exposed in that text are alive. Spanish citizens claim for a reform of the electoral law, which beneficiates to the big parties and marginalizes to the small ones. The alternance in the government of the big parties facillitates the corruption and its protection. Now, spanish citizens are expressing not just their disconformity with the government but also a demand, which is based on common sense: the need of making a change in the electoral law, for allowing small parties to have more representants. This, implies, of course, doing changes in the Constitution.
Something must change (Electoral law, Constitution) for nothing continue as is.
Algo debe cambiar para que nada siga como está.
As happens with a product, which is not just a product, but also a type of behaviour practice,interest, Internet is not just technology, is also the culture which is emebeded into it, and into its different developments and by using them, all can have a voice, all can be in touch and build projects and initiatives born collectively.
Social media, network sites, individuals who create their own blogs, twitters, facebooks, linkediln. Individuals can now talk more freely and, the most important, they can join their effort to achieve a common purpose. The type of political participation performed by users in the virtual sphere emerges by endorsing the meaning which Aristotles gave to politic, understanding it as dialogue, a way for saying which is unfair and which is fair and has utterance by the performance of several actions that users are enabled to achieve as being informed, communicating, associating with others, demanding transparency, identifying the responsible of certain actions with more ease, reducing bureaucracy or communicating by anonymity
Knowing all that is happening now at Spain, I remember with a sense of hapiness a text I wrote, with enthusiam, in 2006 for participating at the IV Congress of Cibersociety. This text aimed to present Internet as a great motivator for the development of political communication done by citizens.
On it I identified seven of the features which makes Internet a very adequate device for motivating the participation of citizens at politic debate. This text encouraged a great online debat with participants about the participation of the society at political sphere, by using the Internet. Razon y Palabra published also the text in its 54 number.
Internet: Impulsor de la Actividad Política por parte de la Ciudadanía,Internet: Promoter of political activity by the citizens. Seven Actions that qualifies it. Razón y Palabra, 54, ISSN: 1605-4806. Razón y Palabra, 54. and it is cited in the following works:
La esfera pública en la blogosfera política ecuatoriana, by Consuelo Albornoz y María Belén Albornoz. Flasco, ecuador, 2010
Cambios en los modos de representación política (Universidad Javeriana)
All issues exposed in that text are alive. Spanish citizens claim for a reform of the electoral law, which beneficiates to the big parties and marginalizes to the small ones. The alternance in the government of the big parties facillitates the corruption and its protection. Now, spanish citizens are expressing not just their disconformity with the government but also a demand, which is based on common sense: the need of making a change in the electoral law, for allowing small parties to have more representants. This, implies, of course, doing changes in the Constitution.
Something must change (Electoral law, Constitution) for nothing continue as is.
Algo debe cambiar para que nada siga como está.
Saturday, May 14, 2011
Spatial Social Behavior in Second Life.
Spatial Social Behavior in Second Life. By Doron Friedman, Anthony Steed, and Mel Slater
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Neutralizing Identity: Exploring Language And Gender In A Virtual
Neutralizing Identity: Exploring Language And Gender In A Virtual World
Lynda Boudreault & Joseph Moser. University of Texas at Austin
Lynda Boudreault & Joseph Moser. University of Texas at Austin
Labels:
gender,
language,
virtual worlds
Tuesday, May 3, 2011
Frame Analysis: Theoretical Preliminaries
Frame Analysis: Theoretical Preliminaries
Interview with Todd Gitlin April 1994 Todd Gitlin on "The Whole World is Watching", by Stephen Reese, Murfreesboro, TN
Interview with Todd Gitlin April 1994 Todd Gitlin on "The Whole World is Watching", by Stephen Reese, Murfreesboro, TN
Monday, May 2, 2011
Uses and gratifications Research By elihu katz, jay g. Blumler, and Michael gurevitch
Uses and gratifications Research. By Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and
Michael Gurevitch. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 4. (Winter, 1973-1974), pp. 509-523
Michael Gurevitch. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 4. (Winter, 1973-1974), pp. 509-523
The War of the Worlds
Wars of the Worlds
This is a website mostly about the audio versions of the War of the Worlds, with reference to other mediums as necessary.
The War of the Worlds. COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM.
ORSON WELLES AND MERCURY THEATRE ON THE AIR
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1938
8:00 TO 9:00 P.M.
Script
Saturday, April 30, 2011
Friday, April 29, 2011
Thursday, April 28, 2011
Alcuni dettagli su Metaversos 2011, by Laura Fedeli
Alcuni dettagli su Metaversos 2011, by Laura Fedeli
Labels:
events,
tools,
virtual environments
Metaversos 2011. III Congres (photos of the workshop performed by Draceina Pinion and gloriagdiagoGalicia)
More and better photos of the Workshop performed by Draceina Pinion and gloriagdiagoGalicia in Second Life, at the simulation of the Palace of Congres which is in Ibiza (Spain)
Congreso Metaversos 2011 in Second Life (album) by James OReilly
Labels:
events,
tools,
virtual environments
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Metaversos 2011. III Congres (2011, April 28, 29)
Metaversos 2011, will be held at physical world, in Ibiza (Spain) but will be also streamed on live on Second Life,Ibiza The Island, where users could attend all the presentations by being into their avatars.
Presentations are articulated on the below panels:
Art, Technology and Ecology
Art, Geolocation and Society
Education and Virtual Environments
New Perspectives of advertising
Technology and Applications
The April 28, Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar) and me will perform a workshop in Second Life titled:
The Importance of Designing and Using Devices for indetifying and achieving specific objetives in Virtual Worlds: Word Puzzle Balls, Dracy Words Game, Dracy Board and Brainflowing and which is intended on showing devices which can be used in the Virtual Environment for achieving different purposes and therefore, we aim to point out the importance of using Virtual Worlds not just a tool but as contexts where many tools can be used for achieving a betterment of the diverse activities we accomplish at these environments.
By accesing to this link (Event Time Announcer) you could see the time of the workshop, depending on your living place and it is also included a teleport to the Second Life place where will be done.
Presentations are articulated on the below panels:
Art, Technology and Ecology
Art, Geolocation and Society
Education and Virtual Environments
New Perspectives of advertising
Technology and Applications
The April 28, Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar) and me will perform a workshop in Second Life titled:
The Importance of Designing and Using Devices for indetifying and achieving specific objetives in Virtual Worlds: Word Puzzle Balls, Dracy Words Game, Dracy Board and Brainflowing and which is intended on showing devices which can be used in the Virtual Environment for achieving different purposes and therefore, we aim to point out the importance of using Virtual Worlds not just a tool but as contexts where many tools can be used for achieving a betterment of the diverse activities we accomplish at these environments.
By accesing to this link (Event Time Announcer) you could see the time of the workshop, depending on your living place and it is also included a teleport to the Second Life place where will be done.
Labels:
events,
tools,
virtual worlds
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Dallas W. Smythe (1907-1992)
The Communication Thought of Dallas W. Smythe. Canadian communication thought: ten foundational writers By Robert E. Babe.
Obtain Free devices for learning Japanese at Second Life: Dracy Word Games and aiueo ver2.11-3, made by Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion Avatar)
Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinon avatar), for saying thanks to all the people who has helped to Japan in its recovering from the last earthquake, has designed and created two devices whereby users can learn Japanese by being at Second Life: Dracy Word Games and aiueo ver2.11-3.
Both devices can be obtained, by free at the shop that Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar owns at Second Life, Dracy Virtual Shop)
Labels:
language,
tools,
virtual worlds
Monday, April 25, 2011
Multiracial communities and the virtual world: Second Life as educational site of engagement?, by Dean Gui
Multiracial communities and the virtual world: Second Life as educational site of engagement?, by Dean Gui (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) 1st Global Conference. Sunday 20th March – Tuesday 22nd March 2011
Prague, Czech Republic
Prague, Czech Republic
The Who’s Who in Research series
Who's Who in Research series acts as a guide to acdemics in subject areas of Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Media Studies, Cultural Studies and Film Studies. Each volume focuses on a particular subject area and gives details of researchers’ principal and bibliographic information as well as a list of articles published in Intellect journals. The volumes – which will be updated annually – provide the most up-to-date information on the foremost innovative thinkers in academia. As such we welcome other publishers to join the project by providing their journal contributors’ details for inclusion in future editions of each volume."
The Who’s Who in Research series acts as a guide to acdemics in subject areas of Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Media Studies, Cultural Studies and Film Studies. Each volume focuses on a particular subject area and gives details of researchers’ principal and bibliographic information as well as a list of articles published in Intellect journals.
The volumes – which will be updated annually – provide the most up-to-date information on the foremost innovative thinkers in academia. As such we welcome other publishers to join the project by providing their journal contributors’ details for inclusion in future editions of each volume.
Who's Who in Research Visual Arts
The Who’s Who in Research series acts as a guide to acdemics in subject areas of Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Media Studies, Cultural Studies and Film Studies. Each volume focuses on a particular subject area and gives details of researchers’ principal and bibliographic information as well as a list of articles published in Intellect journals.
The volumes – which will be updated annually – provide the most up-to-date information on the foremost innovative thinkers in academia. As such we welcome other publishers to join the project by providing their journal contributors’ details for inclusion in future editions of each volume.
Who's Who in Research Visual Arts
Travelling by the submarine elevator system (Journey into the Deep) re-created by Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinion avatar) for The Abyss Observatory
Akemi Mochizuki (Draceina Pinon avatar) has showed to Arthur67 Beck and to me, the wonderful place which Abyss Observatory has built at Second Life and for what Akemi Mochizuki (scripter who has a shop at Second Life,called Dracy´s Virtual shop, where all her creations can be tried), has built some scripts- among them the one which makes the vehicule showed in the photos added, the submarine elevator system of "Journey into the Deep". The Abyss Observatory is, according to its own description, "A museum of ocean science and technology which celebrates the sense of wonder people often have about the mysteries of the deep sea. Visitors can even travel 2,000 meters down into the dark depths of the ocean floor"
Slurl of the place where you can take the magic vehicule made by Draceina Pinion and do a submarine travel
Further readings
History of the Abyss Observatory
Labels:
science,
simulation,
virtual worlds
Wednesday, April 20, 2011
Arthur Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944)
Sir Arthur Eddington - Space, Time, and Gravitation, 1920
- We have found a strange footprint on the shores of the unknown. We have devised profound theories, one after another, to account for its origins. At last, we have succeeded in reconstructing the creature that made the footprint. And lo! It is our own.
Memorablequotes.com
Studying the stars, testing relativity: Sir Arthur Eddington
The philosophy of physical science, by Arthur Eddington, 1939
wikipedia
- We have found a strange footprint on the shores of the unknown. We have devised profound theories, one after another, to account for its origins. At last, we have succeeded in reconstructing the creature that made the footprint. And lo! It is our own.
Memorablequotes.com
Studying the stars, testing relativity: Sir Arthur Eddington
The philosophy of physical science, by Arthur Eddington, 1939
wikipedia
Understanding and Explanation. A Transcendental- Pragmatic Perspective, by Karl-Otto Apel
Understanding and Explanation. A Transcendental- Pragmatic Perspective, by Karl-Otto Apel. Translated by Georgia Warnke, 1984 (Originally published, 1979)
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Monday, April 18, 2011
The elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion, by Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo
The elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion, by Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Expectancy Violations Theory, by Judee Burgoon
Expectancy Violations Theory. by Judee Burgoon (Em Griffin)
Symbolic Interactionism, Perspective and Method, by Herbert Blumer
Symbolic Interactionism, Perspective and Method, by Herbert Blumer, 1969. Prentice- Hall Englewood Cliffts, New Yersey
Friday, April 15, 2011
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Sunday, April 10, 2011
"A Passion for Objects: How science is fueled by an attachment to things." by Sherry Turkle
"A Passion for Objects: How science is fueled by an attachment to things." The Chronicle of Higher Education, Vol. 54, Issue 38, May 30, 2008.
Defining Communication Theories, by Richard West and Lynn H. Turner
Defining Communication Theories, by Richard West and Lynn H. Turner
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Theory argues that the experience of dissonance (or incompatible beliefs and actions) is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance after making a difficult decision.
Communication Accommodation Theory
This theoretical perspective examines the underlying motivations and consequences of what happens when two speakers shift their communication styles. Communication Accommodation theorists argue that during communication, people will try to accommodate or adjust their style of speaking to others. This is done in two ways: divergence and convergence. Groups with strong ethnic or racial pride often use divergence to highlight group identity. Convergence occurs when there is a strong need for social approval, frequently from powerless individuals.
Coordinated Management of Meaning
Theorists in Coordinated Management of Meaning believe that in conversation, people co-create meaning by attaining some coherence and coordination. Coherence occurs when stories are told, and coordination exists when stories are lived. CMM focuses on the relationship between an individual and his or her society. Through a hierarchical structure, individuals come to organize the meaning of literally hundreds of messages received throughout a day.
Cultivation Analysis
This theory argues that television (and other media) plays an extremely important role in how people view their world. According to Cultivation Analysis, in modern Culture most people get much of their information in a mediated fashion rather than through direct experience. Thus, mediated sources can shape people’s sense of reality. This is especially the case with regard to violence, according to the theory. Cultivation Analysis posits that heavy television viewing cultivates a sense of the world that is more violent and scarier than is actually warranted.
Cultural Approach to Organizations
The Cultural Approach contends that people are like animals who are suspended in webs that they created. Theorists in this tradition argue that an organization’s culture is composed of shared symbols, each of which has a unique meaning. Organizational stories, rituals, and rites of passage are examples of what constitutes the culture of an organization.
Cultural Studies
Theorists in cultural studies maintain that the media represents ideologies of the dominant class in a society. Because media are controlled by corporations, the information presented to the public is necessarily influenced and framed with profit in mind. Cultural Studies theorists, therefore, are concerned with media influenced and framed with profit in mind. Cultural Studies theorists, therefore, are concerned with media influence and how power plays a role in the interpretation of culture.
Dramatism
This theoretical position compares life to a drama. As in dramatic action, life requires an actor, a scene, an act, some means for the action to take place, and a purpose. A rhetorical critic can understand a speaker’s motives by analyzing these elements. Further, Dramatism argues that purging guilt is the ultimate motive, and rhetors can be successful when they provide their audiences with a means for purging their guilt and a sense of identification with the rhetor.
Expectancy Violations Theory
Expectancy Violation Theory examines how nonverbal messages are structured. The theory advances that when communicative norms are violated, the violation may be perceived either favorably or unfavorably, depending on the perception that the receiver has of the violator. Violating another’s expectations may be a strategy used over that of conforming to another’s expectations.
Face-Negotiation Theory
Face-Negotiation Theory is concerned with how people in individualistic and collectivistic cultures negotiate face in conflict situations. The theory is based on face management, which describes how people from different cultures manage conflict negotiation in order to maintain face. Self-face and other-face concerns explain the conflict negotiation between people from various cultures.
Groupthink
The groupthink phenomenon occurs when highly cohesive groups fail to consider alternatives that may effectively resolve group dilemmas. Groupthink theorists contend that group members frequently think similarly and are reluctant to share unpopular or dissimilar ideas with others. When this occurs, groups prematurely make decisions, some of which can have lasting consequences.
Muted Group Theory
Muted Group Theory maintains that language serves men better than women (and perhaps European Americans better than African Americans or other groups). This is the case because the variety of experiences of European American men are named clearly in language, whereas the experiences of other groups (such as women) are not. Due to this problem with language, women appear less articulate than men in public settings. As women have similar experiences, this situation should change.
The Narrative Paradigm
This theory argues that humans are storytelling animals. The Narrative Paradigm proposes a narrative logic to replace the traditional logic of argument. Narrative logic, or the logic of good reasons, suggests that people judge the credibility of speakers by whether their stories hang together clearly (coherence and whether their stories ring true (fidelity). The Narrative Paradigm allows for a democratic judgment of speakers because no one has to be trained in oratory and persuasion to make judgments based on coherence and fidelity.
Organizational Information Theory
This Theory argues that the main activity of organizations is the process of making sense of equivocal information. Organizational members accomplish this sense-making process through enactment, selection, and retention of information. Organizations are successful to the extent that they are able to reduce equivocality through these means.
Relational Dialectics Theory
Relational Dialectics suggests that relational life is always in process. People in relationships continually feel the pull-push of conflicting desires. Basically, people wish to have both autonomy and connection, openness and protective-ness, and novelty and predictability. As people communicate in relationships, they attempt to reconcile these conflicting desires, but they never eliminate their needs for both of the opposing pairs.
The Rhetoric
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs: logical, emotional, and ethical. Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well. Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion.
Social Exchange Theory
This theoretical position argues that the major force in interpersonal relationships is the satisfaction of both people’s self-interest. Theorists in Social Exchange posit that self-interest is not necessarily a bad thing and that it can actually enhance relationships. The Social Exchange approach views interpersonal exchange posit that self-interest is not necessarily a bad thing and that it can actually enhance relationships. The Social Exchange approach views interpersonal exchanges as analogous to economic exchanges where people are satisfied when they receive a fair return on their expenditures.
Social Penetration Theory
This theory maintains that interpersonal relationships evolve in some gradual and predictable fashion. Penetration theorists believe that self-disclosure is the primary way that superficial relationships progress to intimate relationships. Although self-disclosure can lead to more intimate relationships, it can also leave one or more persons vulnerable.
Spiral of Silence Theory
Theorists associated with Spiral of Silence Theory argue that due to their enormous power, the mass media have a lasting effect on public opinion. The theory maintains that mass media work simultaneously with Majority public opinion to silence minority beliefs on cultural issues. A fear of isolation prompts those with minority views to examine the beliefs of others. Individuals who fear being socially isolated are prone to conform to what they perceive to be a majority view.
Standpoint Theory
This theory posits that people are situated in specific social standpoints-they occupy different places in the social hierarchy. Because of this, individuals view the social situation from particular vantage points. By necessity, each vantage point provides only a partial understanding of the social whole. Yet, those who occupy the lower rungs of the hierarchy tend to understand the social whole. Yet, those who occupy the lower rungs of the hierarchy tend to understand the social situation more fully than those at the top. Sometimes, Standpoint Theory is referred to as Feminist Standpoint Theory because of its application to how women’s and men’s standpoint differ.
Structuration Theory
Theorists supporting the structurational perspective argue that groups and organizations create structures, which can be interpreted as an organization’s rules and resources. These structures, in turn, create social systems in an organization. Structuration theorists posit that groups and organizations achieve a life of their own because of the way their members utilize their structures. Power structures guide the decision making taking place in groups and organizations.
Symbolic Interaction Theory
This theory suggests that people are motivated to act based on the meanings they assign to people, things, and events. Further, meaning is created in the language that people use both with others and in private thought. Language allows people to develop a sense of self and to interact with others in community.
Uncertainly Reduction Theory
Uncertainty Reduction Theory suggests that when strangers meet, their primary focus is on reducing their levels of uncertainty in the situation. Their levels of uncertainty are located in both behavioral and cognitive realms. That is, they may be unsure of how to behave (or how the other person will behave), and they may also be unsure what they think of the other and what the other person thinks of them. Further, people’s uncertainty is both individual level and relational level. People are highly motivated to use communication to reduce their uncertainty according to this theory.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Uses and Gratifications theorists explain why people choose and use certain media forms. The theory emphasizes a limited effect position; that is, the media have a limithe effect on their audiences because audiences are able to exercise control over their media. Uses and Gratifications Theory attempts to answer the following: What do people do with the media?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Theory argues that the experience of dissonance (or incompatible beliefs and actions) is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance after making a difficult decision.
Communication Accommodation Theory
This theoretical perspective examines the underlying motivations and consequences of what happens when two speakers shift their communication styles. Communication Accommodation theorists argue that during communication, people will try to accommodate or adjust their style of speaking to others. This is done in two ways: divergence and convergence. Groups with strong ethnic or racial pride often use divergence to highlight group identity. Convergence occurs when there is a strong need for social approval, frequently from powerless individuals.
Coordinated Management of Meaning
Theorists in Coordinated Management of Meaning believe that in conversation, people co-create meaning by attaining some coherence and coordination. Coherence occurs when stories are told, and coordination exists when stories are lived. CMM focuses on the relationship between an individual and his or her society. Through a hierarchical structure, individuals come to organize the meaning of literally hundreds of messages received throughout a day.
Cultivation Analysis
This theory argues that television (and other media) plays an extremely important role in how people view their world. According to Cultivation Analysis, in modern Culture most people get much of their information in a mediated fashion rather than through direct experience. Thus, mediated sources can shape people’s sense of reality. This is especially the case with regard to violence, according to the theory. Cultivation Analysis posits that heavy television viewing cultivates a sense of the world that is more violent and scarier than is actually warranted.
Cultural Approach to Organizations
The Cultural Approach contends that people are like animals who are suspended in webs that they created. Theorists in this tradition argue that an organization’s culture is composed of shared symbols, each of which has a unique meaning. Organizational stories, rituals, and rites of passage are examples of what constitutes the culture of an organization.
Cultural Studies
Theorists in cultural studies maintain that the media represents ideologies of the dominant class in a society. Because media are controlled by corporations, the information presented to the public is necessarily influenced and framed with profit in mind. Cultural Studies theorists, therefore, are concerned with media influenced and framed with profit in mind. Cultural Studies theorists, therefore, are concerned with media influence and how power plays a role in the interpretation of culture.
Dramatism
This theoretical position compares life to a drama. As in dramatic action, life requires an actor, a scene, an act, some means for the action to take place, and a purpose. A rhetorical critic can understand a speaker’s motives by analyzing these elements. Further, Dramatism argues that purging guilt is the ultimate motive, and rhetors can be successful when they provide their audiences with a means for purging their guilt and a sense of identification with the rhetor.
Expectancy Violations Theory
Expectancy Violation Theory examines how nonverbal messages are structured. The theory advances that when communicative norms are violated, the violation may be perceived either favorably or unfavorably, depending on the perception that the receiver has of the violator. Violating another’s expectations may be a strategy used over that of conforming to another’s expectations.
Face-Negotiation Theory
Face-Negotiation Theory is concerned with how people in individualistic and collectivistic cultures negotiate face in conflict situations. The theory is based on face management, which describes how people from different cultures manage conflict negotiation in order to maintain face. Self-face and other-face concerns explain the conflict negotiation between people from various cultures.
Groupthink
The groupthink phenomenon occurs when highly cohesive groups fail to consider alternatives that may effectively resolve group dilemmas. Groupthink theorists contend that group members frequently think similarly and are reluctant to share unpopular or dissimilar ideas with others. When this occurs, groups prematurely make decisions, some of which can have lasting consequences.
Muted Group Theory
Muted Group Theory maintains that language serves men better than women (and perhaps European Americans better than African Americans or other groups). This is the case because the variety of experiences of European American men are named clearly in language, whereas the experiences of other groups (such as women) are not. Due to this problem with language, women appear less articulate than men in public settings. As women have similar experiences, this situation should change.
The Narrative Paradigm
This theory argues that humans are storytelling animals. The Narrative Paradigm proposes a narrative logic to replace the traditional logic of argument. Narrative logic, or the logic of good reasons, suggests that people judge the credibility of speakers by whether their stories hang together clearly (coherence and whether their stories ring true (fidelity). The Narrative Paradigm allows for a democratic judgment of speakers because no one has to be trained in oratory and persuasion to make judgments based on coherence and fidelity.
Organizational Information Theory
This Theory argues that the main activity of organizations is the process of making sense of equivocal information. Organizational members accomplish this sense-making process through enactment, selection, and retention of information. Organizations are successful to the extent that they are able to reduce equivocality through these means.
Relational Dialectics Theory
Relational Dialectics suggests that relational life is always in process. People in relationships continually feel the pull-push of conflicting desires. Basically, people wish to have both autonomy and connection, openness and protective-ness, and novelty and predictability. As people communicate in relationships, they attempt to reconcile these conflicting desires, but they never eliminate their needs for both of the opposing pairs.
The Rhetoric
Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs: logical, emotional, and ethical. Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well. Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion.
Social Exchange Theory
This theoretical position argues that the major force in interpersonal relationships is the satisfaction of both people’s self-interest. Theorists in Social Exchange posit that self-interest is not necessarily a bad thing and that it can actually enhance relationships. The Social Exchange approach views interpersonal exchange posit that self-interest is not necessarily a bad thing and that it can actually enhance relationships. The Social Exchange approach views interpersonal exchanges as analogous to economic exchanges where people are satisfied when they receive a fair return on their expenditures.
Social Penetration Theory
This theory maintains that interpersonal relationships evolve in some gradual and predictable fashion. Penetration theorists believe that self-disclosure is the primary way that superficial relationships progress to intimate relationships. Although self-disclosure can lead to more intimate relationships, it can also leave one or more persons vulnerable.
Spiral of Silence Theory
Theorists associated with Spiral of Silence Theory argue that due to their enormous power, the mass media have a lasting effect on public opinion. The theory maintains that mass media work simultaneously with Majority public opinion to silence minority beliefs on cultural issues. A fear of isolation prompts those with minority views to examine the beliefs of others. Individuals who fear being socially isolated are prone to conform to what they perceive to be a majority view.
Standpoint Theory
This theory posits that people are situated in specific social standpoints-they occupy different places in the social hierarchy. Because of this, individuals view the social situation from particular vantage points. By necessity, each vantage point provides only a partial understanding of the social whole. Yet, those who occupy the lower rungs of the hierarchy tend to understand the social whole. Yet, those who occupy the lower rungs of the hierarchy tend to understand the social situation more fully than those at the top. Sometimes, Standpoint Theory is referred to as Feminist Standpoint Theory because of its application to how women’s and men’s standpoint differ.
Structuration Theory
Theorists supporting the structurational perspective argue that groups and organizations create structures, which can be interpreted as an organization’s rules and resources. These structures, in turn, create social systems in an organization. Structuration theorists posit that groups and organizations achieve a life of their own because of the way their members utilize their structures. Power structures guide the decision making taking place in groups and organizations.
Symbolic Interaction Theory
This theory suggests that people are motivated to act based on the meanings they assign to people, things, and events. Further, meaning is created in the language that people use both with others and in private thought. Language allows people to develop a sense of self and to interact with others in community.
Uncertainly Reduction Theory
Uncertainty Reduction Theory suggests that when strangers meet, their primary focus is on reducing their levels of uncertainty in the situation. Their levels of uncertainty are located in both behavioral and cognitive realms. That is, they may be unsure of how to behave (or how the other person will behave), and they may also be unsure what they think of the other and what the other person thinks of them. Further, people’s uncertainty is both individual level and relational level. People are highly motivated to use communication to reduce their uncertainty according to this theory.
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Uses and Gratifications theorists explain why people choose and use certain media forms. The theory emphasizes a limited effect position; that is, the media have a limithe effect on their audiences because audiences are able to exercise control over their media. Uses and Gratifications Theory attempts to answer the following: What do people do with the media?
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